Joy's Articles

How the Mackenzie River Contributes to Canada and its Citizens

Tue, 17 Oct 2023 19:21:45 GMT

The Mackenzie River, Canada's longest river system, spans an impressive 1,738 kilometers and has historically served as a vital waterway for the nation. Originating from the western end of the Great Slave Lake and flowing into the Arctic Ocean, this river system, inclusive of its tributaries, touches five provinces and territories. With a rich history that includes being a potential path for prehistoric human migration, a route for European explorers, and a hub for fur trading, the Mackenzie River remains an emblem of Canada's natural beauty and historical significance.

How the Mackenzie River Contributes to Canada and its Citizens:

The Mackenzie River is Canada’s longest river system, spanning 1,738 kilometers (1,080 miles). Through the years it has served the citizens of Canada as a major water way that forms, along with Slave River, Peace River, and Finley River, the longest river system in Canada. Its tributaries flow into five provinces and territories, including British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon and Northwest Territories. The total length, including the tributaries is 4,241 kilometers (2,635 miles).

This Canadian river begins at the western end of Great Slave Lake, about 150 km south-west of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, and flows north-northwest into the Arctic Ocean. It becomes the largest river flowing into the Arctic in all of North America. The Continental Divide separates the Mackenzie watershed from that of the Yukon River, which flows to the Bering Strait, and the Fraser and Columbia River systems which flow into the Pacific Ocean.

History of the Mackenzie River:

It is believed that the Mackenzie valley may have been the path that was taken by prehistoric peoples during the human migration from Asia to North America. Various Indigenous peoples have lived along the river for thousands of years.

In the late 1700’s,, Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie traveled the river with the hope that it would lead to the Pacific Ocean. He was disappointed to discover that his challenging journey lead him to the Arctic Ocean.

Through the years, Canadian citizens have borne witness to the changing development occurring along this majestic river. Initially it was a major route for European explorers as they traveled into Canada’s northern interior. In the 1800’s,, the river was used to transport a lucrative fur trading industry. The Hudson Bay Company established its district headquarters along the banks of the Mackenzie. The Roman Catholic Oblate, Henry Grollier, traveled down the river, establishing missions at Fort Simpson, Tulita and Fort Good Hope.

The community of Yellowknife became established when gold was discovered along the northern shores of Great Slave Lake. Sternwheelers transported the many prospectors who heeded the call of the Klondike Gold Rush in the early 1900’s.

The 1920’s ushered in further industrialization when oil was discovered at Norman Wells. Oil was originally shipped by steamboat to the mines and towns across the Northwest Territories. Other minerals such as uranium, gold, lead and zinc were also discovered which lead to productive mines being developed and increased industry. Many Canadian citizens were drawn to the Mackenzie basin for employment.

Fish, Birds and Water Mammals:

Fifty-four species of fish are found in the Mackenzie River and its tributaries. Some species move from the sea to freshwater to spawn travel great distances. Many migratory birds spend the summer months in the Mackenzie Delta before moving on to warmer climates. Some 215 bird species have been recorded. The Mackenzie Delta is a calving area for beluga whales. Other water mammals, such as beavers and muskrats reside along the banks of the river.

The Mackenzie River Today:

The Mackenzie River today continues to be a major transportation link for Canadian citizens as it winds its way through the vast wilderness of northern Canada. Sea planes land on the wide, calm sections of the river, servicing the many isolated communities. Barge traffic navigates the Mackenzie in long trains of up to fifteen shallow-draft vessels pulled by tugboats. During winter freeze-up, the frozen channel of the Mackenzie is used as an ice road. The river becomes firm enough to support large trucks as they bring supplies to our northern Canadian citizens and other residents.

Conclusion:

The Mackenzie River has played a major role in the development of Canada’s history, and as Canada’s longest river system, it continues to support the growth and progress of our great country and its citizens.

Joy Dirks

October, 2023

**Official Canadian citizenship was not established until 1947. References made to Canadian citizens prior to 1947 is intended to imply that these individuals were “residents” of Canada and as British subjects were “citizens” of Canada in an informal sense.

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Sir William Edmund Logan

Thu, 09 Feb 2023 17:17:41 GMT

Not many Canadians have made such a monumental contribution to Canada. Logan received numerous prestigious awards in his lifetime. Two mountains have been named after him, including Mount Logan in the south corner of the Yukon Territory, which is the highest mountain in Canada.

William Edmond Logan’s Early Life

Canadian citizen Logan was born in Montreal, April 20, 1798. His family immigrated from Scotland. His father was a successful baker, wealthy farmer and property owner. There were eight children in the busy family, four sons and four daughters.

Early in his childhood, Logan exhibited an interest in rocks as he walked around picking up rocks of various shapes and sizes. He would crack them with a sledge hammer, wrap the pieces up in paper, then carry them away in a large wicker basket. He also carried a hand-held instrument and a leather-bound notebook in which he wrote precise notes.

When Logan was 16 years old, his parents sent him off to Scotland to finish high school. There he achieved recognition for his knowledge of chemistry and mathematics. He was awarded a brass octant, with his name engraved in Latin for the highest class mark in mathematics.

Logan left a university medical program to work for his uncle, Hart Logan, in London as an accountant and bookkeeper. There he took lessons in painting, languages, flute and geometry.

Logan Begins His Surveying Career

When his uncle acquired interests in copper smelting and coal mining in Swansea, Wales, Logan was appointed manager of the smelting operation. This procedure required a continuous supply of coal. Although there were a number of small coal mine operations along the broad river valleys of South Wales, there was not a guaranteed supply to meet the mining requirements.

Logan requested his brother to send old clothes, books on mineralogy, and a theodolite. He then proceeded to trek around South Wales developing precise geological maps of coal streams in the area. This was the beginning of his surveying and mapping career. His maps were detailed with a high degree of accuracy. The British geological survey published them and his name is still on the modern versions of maps for that area.

Logan Becomes Founding Director of the Geological Survey of Canada

Eminent geologists from Britain recognized his brilliance and recommended him for the position of founding director of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). The Province of Canada at that time determined that they must chart the mineral resources of the newly established country, Government funds were allocated and in 1842 Logan took up his duties. Canadian citizen Logan established headquarters in Montreal. He employed staff to work with him, including Scottish-born Alexander Murray, a former naval officer, who became his valuable assistant.

The task of the Geological Survey of Canada was to furnish “a full and scientific description of the country's rocks, soils, and minerals, to prepare maps, diagrams, and to collect specimens to illustrate the occurrences.”

Logan recognized that his task was going to be a difficult one in the vast wilderness of Canada. Travel around the provinces was challenging. There were steamships on the Great Lakes which were beneficial. However, survey travel from Montreal to Canada West was by stage coach through the United States.

In the field, Canadian citizen Logan had an Indian guide, John Basque. Logan’s tent was held up by two poles and he described conditions as “living the life of a savage, sleeping on the beach in a blanket sack with my feet to the fire, seldom taking my clothes off, eating salt pork and ships biscuit, occasionally tormented by mosquitoes.” He would begin work at dawn and continue throughout the day until it became too dark to see. A candle could see burning in his tent into the night hours as he recorded notes.

His first priority was to search for coal in the ever-expanding economy of the Province of Canada. After two field seasons of investigating, he reported that no coal deposits were to be found. Logan’s conclusion was instrumental in the idea of amalgamating the Province of Canada with the coal-rich Maritime Provinces which was one of the factors that led to Confederation in 1867.

During the 1850s Logan added to his staff a paleontologist, a chemist, more geologists, a museum technician, and others. He built the GSC into a well-rounded organization which was capable of conducting rigorous exploration, making maps, analyzing and identifying mineral and fossil specimens, producing reports, and maintaining a public museum.

This famous Canadian citizen recognized the importance of having a place where Canadians could tour and observe the many geological specimens he and his team had found from across Canada. In 1856 Logan received authorization from the government to establish a Geological Museum open to the public. This museum eventually grew and influenced the building of both the Canadian Museum of Nature and the Canadian Museum of History.

Canadian citizen Logan received his greatest honor in 1856 when he received his knighthood, bestowed by Queen Victoria in Windsor Castle. That same year he was also awarded the Wollaston Medal, the highest award of the Geological Society of London.

A major accomplishment of Logan was the publication in 1863 of the Geology of Canada. This represented all the work of the GSA up to that date. The book contained 983 pages and contained everything known about Canadian geology. The journey to obtain the information in the book took over 20 arduous years of working in the field and lobbying for government funding. The book was recognized internationally for its content, style and precision and continues to be used to this day.

Sir William Edmond Logan’s Legacy

The highest mountain in Canada was named Mount Logan in his honor. It is located in the south corner of the Yukon Territory. There is the Logan Medal, highest reward of the Geological Association of Canada; Logan Tower, headquarters in Ottawa of the Geological Survey of Canada; Logan Club, professional organization for GSC scientists; at McGill University there is the Logan Chair of Geology. In addition, there are minerals named after him as well as many honors and facilities.

Without question, this Canadian citizen made a momentous contribution to the landscape of Canada. Through his efforts, the vast new country became mapped and its mineral resources identified.

Sir William Edmond Logan passed away June 22, 1875 at the age of 77.

Joy Dirks

**Official Canadian citizenship was not established until 1947. Reference made to Canadian citizens prior to 1947 is intended to imply that these individuals were “residents” of Canada and as British subjects were “citizens” of Canada in an informal sense.

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Pauline Johnson

Mon, 02 Jan 2023 20:30:05 GMT

Emily Pauline Johnson was an author and remarkable stage performer who contributed significantly to Indigenous and Canadian oral and written culture.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

Pauline Johnson’s Early Life:

Johnson was born March 10, 1861, on the Six Nations Reserve, Upper Canada. She was the youngest of four children. Her father, George Henry Martin Johnson, was a Mohawk Chief who had served as an interpreter for the Anglican Mission. Her mother, Emily Susanna Howells, was born in England to a middle-class family who were known for their interest in the literary arts. The Howell family immigrated to the United States when Emily was a small child. Emily met George while visiting her sister on a mission to the Mohawk territory. They were married in 1853.

Johnson had a privileged childhood. Her father built the family an imposing house in Chiefswood, where her mother emphasized refinement and decorum and practiced the English manner of hospitality. Johnson was well versed in elegant manners and developed an aristocratic air which she practiced throughout her lifetime.

Her father also practiced European values and spoke English, French, German and the languages of the Six Nations Confederacy. He wore typical Canadian dress except for ceremonial occasions. George served as an interpreter and cultural negotiator between the Mohawk, the British and the Government of Canada. His stature and reputation attracted such distinguished guests to their home as the Marquess of Lorne and Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, Lord Dufferin, and many more.

Johnson’s Education:

Johnson was tutored at home by her mother, but eventually attended the reserve school for two years and then Brantford Collegiate Institution from age 14 to 16. She was proud of her Mohawk roots and was well versed in Mohawk culture. She saw herself primarily as “Indian.”

She was well read in English literature, primarily Browning, Scott, Byron, and Tennyson. Part of her education involved performing in amateur theatricals, at which she excelled.

Johnson learned much about her Mohawk ancestry from her paternal grandfather, Chief John Smoke Johnson. He told her many Mohawk stories in dramatic fashion and inspired her work as a poet. Over the years, she used a number of cultural artifacts in her performances, including wampum belts and masks that she had learned about from her grandfather.

Life Suddenly Changes for Johnson:

Her life of privilege as she had become accustomed to changed dramatically when her father passed away in 1884. Her family was unable to afford living in their large home in Chiefswood, and instead moved into rented quarters in Brantford. Johnson was 23 years old and did not have the prospect of marriage on the horizon. Instead she began to look to writing as a means of supporting her mother and sister.

Johnson’s Career:

She was able to publish several poems and began to sign her works as both E. Pauline Johnson and also Tekahionwake, which was her Mohawk name. This “Indian Princess” persona began to draw attention to her performances and her writing. She began to perform dramatic recitation of her poems. Several notable poets singled her out for the strength and beauty of her verse and performance.

Johnson performed 125 times in 50 Ontario towns and villages in an eight month period. Her dress for performing became her trademark. She would appear in native dress for the first half of her program and in a drawing-room gown for the second half. She was noted for her beauty and grace and always performed with dignity.

Over the next 17 years she toured Canada from coast to coast as well as parts of the United States. In 1894 she performed a series of successful recitals in London, England. Shortly thereafter she published her first book of poetry. Her second book of poetry followed in 1903. Eventually she found that her stage performances and writing enabled her to make a living.

Johnson maintained an arduous touring schedule which crossed Canada, the American Midwest, the eastern seaboard of the United States, and London, England. During this time, she continued to write periodicals and prose.

Johnson met Squamish Chief, Joseph Capilano, who had led a delegation to meet with King Edward VII to protest hunting and fishing restrictions imposed upon natives of the British Columbia coast which was imposed by the Canadian government. Her friendship with Chief Joe attracted her to the west coast where she eventually settled.

In 1909 Johnson retired to Vancouver when she became ill with breast cancer. She still performed or lectured on Mohawk traditions from time to time as her health allowed.

Pauline Johnson passed away in 1913 at the age of 52. She was honored by a burial in Stanley Park within sight of Siwash Rock, as she had requested. In 1922, a monument was erected at her burial site with the inscription, “E. Pauline Johnson, Mohawk Indian….”

Johnson’s Legacy:

Johnson made important contributions to Indigenous and Canadian written and performing culture. She was an unmarried Indigenous woman, a successful writer and famous entertainer. She fought against prejudices related to her mixed race and gender in an era when women were relatively silent and unseen. She grew up in a time when racism against Indigenous people was normalized and common. Mohawk writer Beth Brant wrote, “She walked the writing path, clearing the brush for us to follow.”

She is listed as a Person of National Historic Significance and her childhood home has been turned into a National Historic Site and public museum.

Elementary and high schools have been named after her. Operas, chamber and choir music has been written and performed in her honor.

In 1961 a commemorative stamp was issued bearing her image. She was the first woman (other than the Queen), the first author and the first Aboriginal Canadian to be honored in this manner.

Joy Dirks

December 2022

**Official Canadian Citizenship was not established until 1947. Reference made to Canadian citizens prior to 1947 is intended to imply that these individuals were “residents” of Canada and as British subjects were “citizens” of Canada in an informal sense.

Confederation Bridge, a Canadian Landmark

Wed, 30 Nov 2022 18:10:46 GMT

This majestic bridge carries the Trans-Canada Highway across the Northumberland Strait, spans 12.9 kilometers and links Prince Edward Island to New Brunswick. It is Canada’s longest bridge and is the world’s longest bridge over ice-covered water. If you are preparing for your Canadian Citizenship Test, you should be aware of this historic Canadian landmark.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

History of Confederation Bridge

When Prince Edward Island joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873, the Canadian government was obligated to provide:

“Efficient steam service for the conveyance of mails and passengers to be established and maintained between the Island and then mainland of the Dominion, winter and summer, thus placing the Island in Continuous communication with the Intercolonial Railway and the railway system of the Dominion….”

The first means of transporting passengers and goods across the Northumberland Strait following Confederation involved steamship services. Turbulent winter weather and the inability of the underpowered steamships to break the ice, precipitated the introduction of iceboats. These iceboats were 16 feet in length and could carry no more than 4 passengers at a time. The Canadian citizens who lived in PEI felt neither safe nor secure using these modes of transportation.

Consequently a ferry service was introduced in 1915 which operated on the former steamship routes. Ferry service was the best available means of transportation at the time, however, gathering ice and complex tidal cycles in the Strait continued to add challenges for smooth, dependable transportation of people, goods and services.

Conversation regarding the building of a fixed link began in the mid-20th century. Some of the Canadian citizens living in PEI originally opposed the building of a bridge because they thought that easier available transportation would result in the overpopulation of the island. These folks enjoyed the peace the island provided and they did not want non-inhabitants and tourists invading their area. An anti-link group, Friends of the Island, cited potential ecological damage. A pro-link group, Islanders for a Better Tomorrow, suggested that reliable transportation to the Island would result in improvements for all services and would increase the tourist industry which would be advantageous for the economy of the Island.

These developments lead to an extremely divisive debate, and Premier Joe Ghiz promised a plebiscite to gauge public support. This was held on January 18, 1988. The result was 59.4% in favour of the fixed link.

A Fixed Link is Constructed

Bridge construction began in the fall of 1993, with the selection and construction of staging facilities. Bridge components were built on land year-round from 1994 until the fall of 1996.

Top grade concrete and reinforced steel were used throughout construction of the precast components. The lifespan of the concrete structure has been set at 100 years. It was built to withstand iceberg impacts and ice that forms in the Strait. Large ships and other sea vessels are able to pass under it.

Over 5,000 workers, ranging from laborers and specialty trades, to engineers, surveyors and managers were involved in construction.

Engineers incorporated a number of unique safety features along the 12.9 kilometer structure including: curves to ensure drivers remain attentive and therefore reduce the potential for accidents; a road surface made of a long-lasting bituminous mixture that minimizes vehicle spray during wet weather; concrete barrier walls, 1.1 meter high that minimize distraction and serve as a windbreak; and more than 7,000 drain ports for the runoff of rainwater and melting snow and ice.

A Bridge is Named

The federal government received a number of suggestions for names. A committee was formed, chaired by former PEI Premier, Alex Campbell, to choose a name from the submissions. The committee chose the name “Abegweit Crossing.” However, after review, the Canadian government announced that it would be named “Confederation Bridge.” It was officially opened on May 31, 1997.

A Unique Canadian Landmark

Confederation Bridge is an engineering marvel. Today, approximately 4,000 vehicles per day and 1.5 million vehicles per year travel on it. Canadian citizens and visitors alike have made this continuous multispan bridge a tourist destination. With convenient access to the Island, people can now travel to the historic site of Anne of Green Gables and also the birthplace of Confederation, as well as many other interesting places.

Tolls and Restrictions

All vehicles are charged a toll fee when departing from Prince Edward Island. Pedestrians and cyclists are not permitted to cross the bridge. A shuttle service is available for a fee. Travel restrictions apply for certain vehicles during inclement weather conditions. It is always advised to check the Confederation Bridge website for travel restrictions.

Joy Dirks

December, 2022

Famous Canadian Citizen: Emily Carr

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 17:01:27 GMT

Emily Carr made a significant impact on Canadian culture and you will need to know about her life to pass the Canadian citizenship test.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

Inspired by Indigenous Peoples

Emily Carr is known as a Canadian icon for her unique Modernist and Post-Impressionist style in her paintings and also for her written works which chronicled her life in British Columbia. Her unique modern works became associated with the articulation of Canada’s national identity in the early twentieth century.

Early Life

Emily Carr was born in Victoria, B.C. in 1871, which was the year that British Columbia joined Canada. She was the second-youngest of nine children born to English parents, Richard and Emily (Sanders) Carr. The family lived in an English-style home near the legislative buildings and practiced traditional English traditions. Her mother passed away when Carr was 14 yrs old and her father passed away two years later.

Art Institutions

Carr was 19 years old when she enrolled at the San Francisco Art Institution. Two years later she returned to Victoria. She then traveled to London, England, where she studied at the Westminster School of Art. In 1910 Carr studied at the Academie Colarossi in Paris.

Works on Indigenous People

Canadian citizen Carr traveled to Aboriginal villages on the west coast of Vancouver Island and was drawn to the people and their lifestyles. For a while she lived in a village near Ucluelet. She adopted the Indigenous name Klee Wyck and she also chose it as the title of one of her works of writings.

In Vancouver, 1913, Carr held a large exhibition of her work of First Nations villages and totem poles in their original setting. She became famous for her original artistic renderings of the totem poles that spoke stories of the lives and times of the First Nations peoples.

As her fame grew, the themes of her work remained native and nature - native totem poles set in deep forest locations or sites of abandoned native villages. Later she drew the western forests, driftwood-tossed beaches and expansive skies. She spent time living in the forests to capture the depth and movement there.

Her art powerfully reflected vibrant color, active brush work that would sweep across the canvas, and later infused with mystical, animated spirits of the land.

Association with the Group of Seven

Carr met members of the famous Group of Seven at an exhibition on West Coast Aboriginal Art at the National Gallery in 1927. Lawren Harris of the Group became a particularly important supporter of Carr when he told her, “You are one of us.” The Group of Seven were at that time Canada’s most recognized modern painters who were inspired by the Canadian landscape between the years 1920-1933. The painters included: Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A.Y. Jackson, Franz Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J.E.H. MacDonald and F.H. Varley. Tom Thomson and Emnily Carr were also welcomed into the group of leading modernists.

Environmental Influences

Later in her life, Carr’s works reveal her growing anxiety about the environmental impact of industry on British Columbia’s landscape. She was especially concerned about its ecological effects and encroachment on the lives of Indigineous people. Her painting, Odds and Ends, shows the cleared land and tree stumps as a result of deforestation.

Emily Carr’s Legacy

Canadian Citizen, Emily Carr, has left a legacy that introduced indigenous art work to the world. Her works are still growing in popularity. She passed away March 2, 1945 in Victoria, B.C.

Emily Carr House is a vibrant cultural centre for education, exploration and mentoring. Programs provided are inspired by the themes of Emily Carr’s life. It is located in Victoria, B.C. and is open to the public for touring.

The Emily Carr University of Arts & Design located in Vancouver, B.C. bears her name and encourages individuals to explore their dreams in the world of art and design.

Joy Dirks

December, 2022

**Official Canadian Citizenship was not established until 1947. Reference made to Canadian citizenship prior to 1947 is intended to imply that these individuals were “residents” of Canada and as British subjects were “citizens” of Canada in an informal sense.

Famous Canadian Citizen: Billy Bishop

Tue, 22 Nov 2022 19:13:01 GMT

Billy Bishop is known as the top Canadian Flying Ace of the First World War, with a record of shooting down 72 enemy aircraft. It's important you know his story to pass the Canadian citizenship test.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

Top Canadian Flying Ace

During the Second World War, he was a key player in the implementation of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. This was a joint military air crew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand that trained 167,000 air crew personnel in Canada.

Early Years

Bishop was born in Owen Sound, Ontario on February 8, 1894. His parents, William Avery Bishop Sr. and Margaret Louisa (Green) Bishop. He was the third of four children.

During his formative school years, Bishop did not like competitive team sports, preferring swimming, horse riding and shooting. He developed quite a reputation as a scrapper when he was teased regarding his solitary sporting choices.

He became an expert at marksmanship when his father gave him a .22 caliber rifle as a Christmas gift, along with a promise of 25 cents for every squirrel he could shoot in their family orchard. The orchard had evidently been overrun by a destructive plague of squirrels. The young Bishop soon developed a precise one-shot kill and soon the orchard was free of the destructive critters. According to some sources, he learned the art of deflection shooting during this experience. This is the art of following a moving target for a precise kill.

When Bishop was 16 years old, after reading a newspaper article about gliders, he designed and built a glider out of cardboard, wooden crates, bedsheets, and twine. He then piloted it off the roof of his three-story house and crashed it straight into the ground. Fortunately he was not seriously injured. It was the first of several plane crashes he would experience during his lifetime.

The First World War

Following training at the Royal Military College of Canada, and a commission into a cavalry unit, the Mississauga Horse, Bishop was sent to the 7th Canadian Mounted Rifles, a mounted infantry unit, then stationed in London, Ontario. Canadian Citizen, Bishop, was placed in charge of the regimental machine guns. In this area of the military, he excelled and could hit targets that others could hardly see.

Bishop’s unit left Canada for England on June 5, 1915 on a requisitioned cattle ship Caladonia, as part of a convoy. On June 21, near Ireland, German Uboats attacked the convoy. Three ships were sunk and 300 Canadian citizens were killed. Bishops cattle ship was unharmed.

The 7th Canadian Mounted Rifles were assigned to train at Shorncliffe Calvary Camp. Conditions there were dismal, and the troops lived in tents pitched on mud and horse manure. On a particularly mucky day, he noticed an airplane land in a nearby field and decided to apply for a transfer. He had had enough! Flight would be better than mud and manure.

Bishop Takes Flight

When arriving in London, England, Bishop was informed that he would not be able to train as a pilot for a year. He then accepted the role of aerial observer, and reported for training at 21 (Training) Squadron for elementary air instruction. After a month of training, he transferred to gunnery training. He was soon in the air crossing the English Channel and flying his first missions as a gunner in a combat zone.

Following a series of accidents and mishaps, Canadian Citizen Bishop, eventually earned his wings in December 1916. In March 1917, the life expectancy of a new pilot in that sector was 11 days. The German aces were shooting down British aircraft 5 to 1. In 1917 he was named flight commander and shortly thereafter became captain. He was able to make many lone-wolf missions deep into enemy territory. Bishop’s no-holds-barred style of flying at the front of the pack of aircraft in surprise attacks against the enemy proved successful.

Bishop earned the Military Cross for his participation in the Battle of Vimy Ridge. The successes of Bishop and his blue-nosed aircraft were noted by the Germans and they began referring to him as “The greatest English Scouting Ace.”

Canadian Citizen, Bishop was awarded the Victoria Cross after flying a mission behind enemy lines where he shot down three aircraft that were taking off to attack him and he also destroyed more aircraft on the ground at that time.

Bishop Returns to Canada

Bishop returned to Canada on leave in the fall of 1917. He was seen as a hero and his notoriety helped to boost the morale of the Canadian public. On October 17, 1917, Bishop married his sweetheart, Margaret Eaton Burden, who he had been engaged to for a number of years.

Following his leave, he was assigned to the British War Mission in Washington, D.C. to help the Americans build an air force. While in Washington, he wrote his autobiography, Winged Warfare.

Bishop Returns to the War in Europe

Bishop was promoted to major and given command of No. 85 Squadron, the Flying Foxes, when he returned to England in 1918. By the end of the war, he had claimed over 72 air victories.

Second World War

Canadian Citizen Bishop served as Director of Recruiting for the Royal Canadian Air Force. He developed a system for training pilots across Canada and became instrumental in setting up and promoting the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, which trained over 167,000 airmen in Canada during the Second World War.

Bishop’s Family

Billy Bishop and wife, Margaret Eaton Burden, had a son, William and a daughter, Margaret. William was presented with his wings by his father during the Second World War. He went on to become a Spitfire pilot. Margaret was a wireless radio operator during World War II, whom Bishop presented with a Wireless Sparks Badge in 1944.

Bishop passed away in 1956, following years of poor health.

Joy Dirks

November, 2022

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Sir John A. Macdonald

Mon, 21 Nov 2022 16:35:13 GMT

Sir John A Macdonald is a significant figure in Canadian history and impacted the direction Canada took through the 1800's. Understanding his life is important to help you pass the Canadian citizenship test.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

Canada’s First Prime Minister

Sir John Alexander Macdonald was the first prime minister of Canada and served the new nation for 19 years, from 1867 to 1873 and from 1878 to 1891. He was the Father of Confederation who produced the British North America Act and the union of provinces which became Canada. His government influenced politics for a half century and set policy goals for future generations.

This blog is written to help you understand this information as it is on the Canadian citizenship test.

Early Years

John A. Macdonald was born in Scotland in 1815. His parents, Hugh and Helen, were married in 1811 and had five children, John being the third sibling. His father struggled in his business ventures in Scotland and subsequently immigrated to Kingston, Upper Canada in 1820. The family had several relatives and connections already there.

In Kingston, the family lived in the upper level over the store which John’s father ran. Soon after their arrival, a devastating event happened when John’s younger brother died from a blow to the head by a servant charged with taking care of the youngsters.

The Kingston store was not successful and the family then moved to Hay Bay, west of Kingston where John’s father unsuccessfully ran another shop. Fortunately, in 1829, his father was appointed as a magistrate for the Midland District which enabled the family to enjoy a level of financial security.

Macdonald initially attended local schools. However, at age 10, his family was able to send him to Midland District Grammar School in Kingston where he remained for five years. Age 15 was a common school-leaving age at a time when only children from the most prosperous families were able to afford university.

Macdonald’s Legal Career

After leaving Grammar School at age 15, his parents determined that he should become a lawyer. His financial contribution to the family was a necessity and the legal career track offered potential for a good income and influence. Macdonald was quoted as saying, “I had no boyhood. From age 15, I began to earn my own living.”

In 1834 Macdonald passed an examination set by The Law Society of Upper Canada after which he was apprenticed to a prominent established lawyer, George Mackenzie. He was called to the Bar in 1836, at age 21.

Canadian citizen Macdonald took on dramatic, high-profile cases and became well-known in the legal community. He continued to expand his practice and was appointed director of a number of companies.

Political Involvement

John A. Macdonald was elected as alderman in Kingston’s Fourth Ward in 1843. In 1844 he became the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Kingston. He was then appointed premier of the Province of Canada in 1857. As the new nation of Canada continued to expand, Macdonald was appointed the first prime minister of Canada on July 1, 1867. He was recognized for his great constitutional expertise and during his first administration became a dominant nation builder.

Family Life

He married Isabella Clark in 1843. In 1847 their first son was born but passed away in 1848. Their second son, Hugh John Macdonald was born in 1850, and eventually served in Parliament and later became premier of Manitoba. Isabella Clark passed away following a lengthy illness, leaving Macdonald with a seven year old son.

Macdonald married his second wife, Agnes Bernard, in 1867. They had one child, a daughter, who was afflicted with hydrocephalus and never walked and required continuous special care.

A famous story of Agnes Macdonald tells of a haphazard adventure on the Canadian Pacific Railroad. She had joined her husband, the Prime Minister of Canada, and other dignitaries on an inaugural trip from Ottawa to Vancouver in 1886. Lady Agnes was becoming increasing bored sitting inside the train car and insisted instead that she ride on the front of the locomotive on the “cow catcher.” She wrote of the joy that the fresh air and incredible mountain scenery brought her from her unusual and dangerous cow catcher seat as they proceded through the mountains.

Legacy of Sir John A. Macdonald:

He was the most dominant of the political leaders known as the Fathers of Confederation and continues to be one of the highest-rated prime ministers in Canadian history. He worked tenaciously to establish Canada as a nation. He established the North-West Mounted Police, completed the Canadian Pacific Railroad from sea to sea, across the prairies and through the mountains to British Columbia. He also hugely expanded Canada’s territory.

Macdonald’s legacy is not without controversy. As both Prime Minister and Minister of Indian Affairs, he was responsible for the development of the residential school policy and further repressive measures against Indigenous populations in the West. These initiatives have brought much pain and suffering to many Indigenous people through the years.

Joy Dirks
November, 2022

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Terry Fox, 1958-1981

Wed, 02 Nov 2022 18:47:13 GMT

Few young Canadian citizens have left such an indelible imprint in our Canadian history. Terry Fox lived a short life by most standards, and passed away at age 23. One of his famous statements continues to resonate through the years: “I just wish people would realize that anything’s possible if you try; dreams are made possible if you try.” The Canadian citizenship test has questions about Terry Fox and his life.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

Terry Stanley Fox Early Life:

Terry Fox was born on July 28, 1958, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. His father was a switchman for the Canadian National Railway. His maternal grandmother was Metis, bringing a rich heritage to the family which consisted of an older brother, and a younger brother and sister.

When Terry was eight years old, his family moved to British Columbia and settled in Port Coquitlam. His parents were dedicated to their family and encouraged their children to achieve whatever task they committed to.

Terry was very competitive. He attempted to join his school’s basketball team, but struggled because of his height. His coach suggested that Fox try cross-country running, which he agreed to. He continued, however, to improve his basketball skills, and in grade 12 won his high schools’s athlete of the year award.

Fox did not know if he should attend university, but his mother convinced him to enrol at Simon Fraser University. There he studied kinesiology with the intention of becoming a physical education teacher. He was also a member of the junior varsity basketball team.

A Vehicular Accident:

On November 12, 1976, Fox was driving to the family home in Port Coquitlam when he was distracted by bridge construction and crashed into the back of a pickup truck. He injured his right knee but continued to ignore the resulting pain. By the end of the basketball season in March, 1977, the pain had intensified and he decided to go to a hospital to have it checked out. He was then diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a form of cancer that often starts near the knees.

The Devastating Diagnosis:

Terry Fox was given the devastating news that his leg had to be amputated. Following the amputation, he would be given extensive chemotherapy. He was given a 50 percent chance of survival. Following the surgery he was fitted with an artificial leg and began walking three weeks after the amputation. His positive attitude impressed the medical team treating him and they stated that it contributed to his rapid recovery.

During his chemo treatments at the British Columbia Cancer Council he noticed that many of his fellow cancer patients were dying of the disease. He also noted that there were constant improvements in the survival rate due to cancer research.

Canadian Citizen, Terry Fox, Joins Canadian Wheelchair Basketball Team:

In the summer of 1977, Rick Hansen, who was working with the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, invited Fox to try out for his wheelchair basketball team. Even though he was undergoing chemo treatments, Fox tried out for the team. Less than two months after leaning how to play the sport, Fox was named a member of the team for the national championship in Edmonton. He won three national titles with the team, and was named an all-star by the North American Wheelchair Basketball Association in 1980.

Marathon of Hope is Born:

Fox was inspired by Dick Traum, an American, and the first amputee to complete the New York City Marathon. He developed a 14-month training program so that he could also compete in a marathon himself. His marathon, however, would be of a greater scope. When in hospital, Fox observed how little money was spent on cancer research. He knew it made a significant difference. Canadian citizen, Terry Fox, then decided to run a Marathon of Hope which would include the great length of Canada in the hope of increasing cancer awareness and raising money for research. Nothing like this had ever been attempted previously.

As training got under way, Fox developed an unusual gait when he ran as he was required to hop-step on his good leg due to the extra time the springs in his artificial leg required to reset after each step. The training was painful and led to bone bruises, blisters and intense discomfort.

Support of Marathon:

Fox sent a letter to the Canadian Cancer Society in 1979 in which he announced his marathon goal and appealed for funding. He stated that he would conquer his disability, and promised to complete his run, even if he had to “crawl every last mile.” He also stated that “somewhere the hurting must stop…and I was determined to take myself to the limit for this cause.”

The Cancer Society eventually agreed to support him once he had acquired sponsors and requested he get a medical certificate from a heart specialist stating that he was fit to attempt the run. Fox was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy, which is an enlarged heart. This condition is commonly associated with athletes. Doctors warned Fox of the potential risks he faced, though they did not consider his heart condition a significant concern.

Other donations were received from the Ford Motor Company who donated a camper van, Imperial Oil contributed fuel, and Adidas his running shoes. He would not accept donations that carried conditions, as he indicated that nobody was to profit from his run. His good friend, Doug Alward, supported him by driving the van and cooking meals.

The Running of the Marathon:

The Marathon began on April 12, 1980, when Fox dipped his right leg in the Atlantic Ocean near St, John’s, Newfoundland. He filled two bottles with ocean water. One he wanted to save as a souvenir and the other he would pour into the Pacific Ocean.

The journey began with gale-force winds, heavy rain and a snowstorm, all within the first few days of his run. Problems continued when they entered Quebec due to his inability to speak French. Along the way, he picked up more sponsors and more interest. He averaged 26 miles (42 km) each day. When in Ontario, Governor General Ed Schreyer and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau met him. He performed a ceremonial kick-off at a Canadian Football Game and also threw the ceremonial first pitch at a Blue Jay’s game. Athletic celebrities joined him for portions of the run.

The Marathon of Hope Ends:

Fox frequently had shin splints and an inflamed knee. He developed cysts on his stump and experienced dizzy spells and experienced many other physical problems. On September 1, outside of Thunder Bay, he was forced to stop to rest due to excessive coughing. He resumed running as the crowds along the highway shouted out their encouragement. A few miles later, short of breath and with continued chest pain, he asked Alward to drive him to a hospital.

The next day, Fox held a tearful press conference to announce that his cancer had returned and had spread to his lungs. He was forced to end his run after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 miles).

Youngest Canadian Citizen to Receive the Order of Canada:

Fox had raised $1.7 million when he was forced to abandon the Marathon. A week after his run ended, the CTV Television Network organized a nationwide telethon in support of Fox and the Canadian Cancer Society. This event raised $10.5 million. Donations continued through the winter and by April over $23 million had been raised.

In September 1980, Canadian citizen, Terry Fox was invested in a ceremony as a Companion of the Order of Canada. He received many other notable awards as well from across the nation. The Ottawa Citizen described the national response to his marathon as “one of the most powerful outpourings of emotion and generosity in Canada’s history.”

Illness and Death:

Fox received the latest of treatments for his cancer but the disease continued to spread. He developed chest congestion and developed pneumonia. On June 28, 1981 he passed away. His funeral was broadcast on national television. Addressing the House of Commons, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau said, “It occurs very rarely in the life of a nation that the courageous spirit of one person unites all people in the celebration of his life an in the mourning of his death…We do not think of him as one who was defeated by misfortune but as one who inspired us with the example of the triumph of the human spirit over adversity.”

The Legacy of Canadian Citizen, Terry Fox:

The impact of Fox’s courage has influenced the entire nation. Millions of people have followed his example and have participated in Annual Terry Fox Runs raising millions of dollars for cancer research. The runs grew into international fame and over 60 countries took part in 1999, raising $15 million that year alone. The Terry Fox Run continues as the world’s largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research, and over $850 million has been raised in his name as of May 2022.

Thirty-two roads and streets have been named after him, fourteen schools and fourteen other buildings as well as seven statues. The Terry Fox Hall of Fame was established in 1994 to recognize individuals that have made contributions that improved the quality of life of disabled people. The Terry Fox Laboratory research centre was established in Vancouver to conduct leading edge research into the causes and potential cures for cancer.

Joy Dirks

November, 2022

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Sir Arthur William Currie

Tue, 01 Nov 2022 18:19:47 GMT

Canadian citizens enjoy a free country with the full benefits of Canadian citizenship because of the remarkable contributions of individuals like Sir Arthur William Currie, Canada’s Greatest Soldier. Understanding his life will help you pass the Canadian citizenship test.

Currie was known as Canada’s Greatest Soldier of the First World War and led the Canadian Corps to several important victories, especially at Vimy Ridge in France as part of the Allied war effort led by Britain, with the strong support of Canada. These Canadian victories ultimately contributed to the end of the war, and paved the way for Canada to eventually become an autonomous country, with citizenship separate from Britain. All Canadian citizens owe a debt of gratitude to Sir Arthur William Currie and his brave Canadian war comrades.

Currie’s Early Life:

Arthur Currie was born in 1875 to Canadian parents, William Garner Curry and Jane Patterson on their farm near the hamlet of Napperton, Ontario. Currie’s grandparents had immigrated from Ireland and upon arrival to Canada, changed the family name from Corrigan to Curry. Arthur modified the spelling of his surname from Curry to Currie in 1897.

He grew up third in a family of eight children and was raised on the homestead of his paternal grandparents. Currie was educated in a local public school, and had plans to pursue a professional career in law or medicine. Unfortunately, his father passed away when Arthur was fifteen which put a great strain on the family finances and made his education dreams impossible due to his limited financial means.

Currie instead pursued training as a teacher and worked toward an honors certificate which would enable him to gain university entrance. Just a few months before his final exams, Currie quarreled with one of his teachers, and subsequently left high school. The Canadian Pacific Railroad to British Columbia had just been completed and rumors abounded regarding the impending financial boom and unending career opportunities enticed him to head to British Columbia.

When Currie arrived in British Columbia he found no career opportunities outside of teaching, so he accepted a teaching position on the Saanich Peninsula, north of Victoria, British Columbia. Two years later he moved to Victoria, taking a position at Boy’s Central School and later at Victoria High School.

Military Career:

Currie joined the Canadian Militia in 1897 as a part-time gunner for the 5th Field Artillery Regiment (British Columbia). He achieved the rank of corporal in 1900 and was offered an officer’s commission. He attended every available course offered by the British Army Contingent at Work Point Barracks in Esquimalt. He was elected president of the British Columbia Rifle Association in 1905 and could be found on the local shooting range every Saturday.

He was promoted to captain rank in 1901 and then to major in 1906. By 1909 he had risen to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, commanding the 5th Regiment. He also served two years as president of the Young Men’s Liberal Association of Victoria and it was suggested several times that he run as a candidate for the provincial legislature.

World War I:

When World War I broke out and Canada found itself at war on August 4, 1914, Currie was offered the command of Military District No 11, British Columbia. He turned this down. He was then offered command of the 2nd Infantry Brigade of the Canadian Expeditionary Force’s first Canadian Division. He was confirmed on Sept. 29, 1914 and took command of the 2nd Brigade at the Valcartier Camp in Quebec.

His Division spent the winter of 1914-1915 training in England and was sent to France in February 1915. There they trained in trench warfare and took control of a section of trench in the Ypres Salient. In April 1915 the Germans used poison gas for the first time on the Western Front, causing the French troops to break flank, leaving a 7-kilometre long hole in the Allied line.

In the chaos that followed, Currie proved his worth as a leader, gathered the troops together and counter-attacked, denying the Germans a breakthrough.

Following the Ypres Salient battle, Currie was promoted to major-general, and was given command of the entire First Canadian Division. He was knighted by King George V in 1917.

Canada’s most famous and influential battle of the First World War occurred at Vimy Ridge in 1917, where with great valour the Canadian Corps accomplished what no other Allied troops had been able to do and secured this important Ridge from the enemy, although at the great cost of 10,000 soldiers killed or wounded. One Canadian officer said, “It was Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific on parade - in those few days I witnessed the birth of a nation.” April 9 is celebrated as Vimy Day.

Post-War:

Currie, his wife and two children, returned to Canada following the war. He was selected as principal and vice-chancellor at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, on the basis of his “exceptional powers of organization and administration” and his “capacity for inspiration and leadership” rather than academic prowess. Under Currie’s leadership, McGill University grew and prospered. He became famous as a Canadian citizen who was known as a premier university administrator.

Sir Arthur Currie’s Legacy:

Currie was a remarkable Canadian, described as Canada’s greatest military commander. When he passed away in 1933, the Times newspaper wrote that his funeral was the most impressive funeral ever seen in Montreal. Schools have been named after him in British Columbia and Quebec. Mount Currie located in Banff National Park also bears his name. The Currie Barracks in Calgary, Alberta was named in his honor as well. In 2006 Canada honored Currie as one of the fourteen Canadians in the Valiants Memorial. Many other honors were bestowed in his memory through the years.

Canadian citizenship is highly valued around the world. The contribution of people like Sir Arthur Currie have made Canada the privileged nation that it is today.

Joy Dirks

October, 2022

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Robert Service (1874-1958)

Fri, 07 Oct 2022 17:54:34 GMT

Robert Service, known as the “Bard of the Yukon,” immigrated to Canada from Scotland in 1895. His poems are still read in schools across Canada to this day. The Canadian citizenship test has questions about his life.

When he arrived, he took a train from Montreal to Vancouver Island. He traveled around western North America, wandering from California back to British Columbia working on cowboy ranches and whatever employment he could find, meeting many colorful personalities who eventually found their life stories in his written works.

Early Days

In 1903, he was hired by a Canadian Bank of Commerce branch in Victoria, British Columbia. He lived in an apartment above the bank until he was transferred to the Canadian Bank of Commerce in Whitehorse, Yukon in 1904.

Whitehorse was a young frontier town, located on the Yukon River. It began as a campground for prospectors in 1897 as they made their way to Dawson City to join the Klondike Gold Rush. The railroad had reached Whitehorse in 1900, winding its way through the rough terrain and mountain passes. The new Canadian citizen was able to travel on the recently constructed railroad when he received his transfer to the Yukon.

Inspiration For Writing

Robert Service was inspired by the many adventure stories told about the great gold rush. He once heard a gold rush yarn from a Dawson mining man about a fellow who evidently cremated his pal.

Evidently, Sam McGee left his southern home in Tennessee in a frantic search for gold. After spending some time in the north, he realized his dream for gold would not happen. He was unbearably cold all of the time and knew he would soon die. He asked his friend to cremate him in the boiler fire of an old derelict boat, the Alice May, that was stuck in the ice of Lake Lebarge.

From this story, he wrote, “The Cremation of Sam McGee.” It is a ballad, or a narrative poem with 14 stanzas. The first stanza follows:

The Cremation of Sam McGee:

There are strange things done in the midnight sun

By the men who moil for gold;

The Arctic trails have their secret tales

That would make your blood run cold;

The Northern Lights have seen queer sights,

But the queerest they ever did see

Was that night on the marge of Lake Lebarge

I cremated Sam McGee.”

This poem was one of his most popular. It has been read through the years by young and old alike. Service was able to capture the experiences of the old gold rush miners in verse format that brought authenticity to life during that unique time in our early Canadian history.

Within a few years, his renown as a writer was well established, and publishers in New York and London could not keep up with the demand for his book, “Songs of a Sourdough,” which was renamed, “The Spell of the Yukon and Other Verses.”

Taking A Job In Toronto

Service left the North in 1912, moved to Toronto and became a correspondent for the Toronto Star. He eventually moved to Paris. He was 40 when World War I broke out. He worked as a stretcher bearer and ambulance driver with the Ambulance Corps of the American Red Cross. He also worked as a war correspondent. After the war he published Rhymes of a Red Cross Man. As a result of his war service, he received three medals.

Following World War I, Service began writing thriller novels. Two of his books were made into movies. He was able to get an acting part, appearing briefly opposite Marlene Dietrich in the 1942 movie, The Spoilers.

Robert Service has been honoured as a great Canadian citizen with schools named for him and his picture was on a Canadian postage stamp in 1976. Additionally, the Bard & Banker public house in Victoria is dedicated to him, the building having at one time been a Canadian Bank of Commerce branch where Service was employed.

Joy Dirks

October, 2022

A Famous Canadian Citizen: Sir Frederick Banting (1891 - 1941)

Mon, 03 Oct 2022 16:54:25 GMT

Medical scientist, Sir Frederick Banting, is famous for the discovery of insulin in 1922 which is a powerful, life-saving treatment for diabetes. After this breakthrough, he became Canada’s first professor of medical research at the University of Toronto. In 1923, he became the first Canadian citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. You will need to know about his life to pass the Canadian citizenship test.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

Early Years:

Frederick Banting grew up on a farm outside of Toronto, ON. His father, William Thompson Banting, and mother, Margaret (Grant), were hard-working successful pioneer farmers who were of British descent. The family had six children, with Frederick being the youngest.

The Banting family were of Methodist faith and young Frederick thought that he might become a Methodist minister. He decided, however, in the first year into his studies that he would rather become a medical doctor and entered the University of Toronto, enrolling in the Faculty of Medicine with a specialty in surgery.

Frederick attempted to join the Canadian army when war was declared on August 4, 1914, but the Army rejected him citing his poor eyesight. He then joined the Canadian Army Medical Service after completing most of his medical training. The University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine was eager to assist in the war effort, and condensed the medical course to enable the students to enroll in the war. Frederick graduated with a degree in medicine December 9, 1916 and reported for active service the next morning.

He served on the front line as a battalion medical officer and was wounded at the battle of Chambrai, France, in 1918. His brave valour under fire earned him the Military Cross. He recovered in England and in 1919 returned to Canada where he again worked in the field of medicine.

Discovery of Insulin:

In 1920, Frederick came across an article in a medical journal while preparing a talk to medical students that caused him to think seriously about a procedure that would isolate an internal secretion of the pancreas that might prove to be a cure for diabetes. He discussed his idea with a professor and eventually began research at the University of Toronto, assisted by Charles Best.

Banting and Best did many arduous experiments, some successful and some not, but they persevered. Success would mean potentially saving millions of lives. The Toronto experiments culminated in the winter of 1921 with the discovery of insulin.

Insulin quickly became a highly effective treatment for diabetes. Dr. Banting opened his own diabetic clinic in Toronto. Insulin became more available when Eli Lilly & Company agreed to distribute it.

Letters began to arrive from the public requesting insulin treatment. Antoinette Hughes, the wife of the then United States Secretary of State, Charles Evans Hughes, sought treatment for her fourteen year old daughter Elizabeth, whom Banting agreed to treat.

Elizabeth arrived in Toronto with her nurse on August 16, 1922, weighing only 45 pounds. Three months after her arrival, she had doubled her weight and was able to return home to the United States. She was one of Banting’s greatest successes.

Word of the medical discovery of insulin continued to spread as its success changed millions of lives around the world. Dr. Banting was recognized in many ways as an outstanding Canadian citizen. He was knighted by King George V in 1934. He was also made a Fellow of both the Royal Society (London) and the Royal Society of Canada.

The Second World War broke out in 1939, and Banting, as he had done twenty-five years earlier, was among the first to enlist. He once again joined the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. He was enroute to England the night of February 20, 1941 when his plane, a Lockheed Hudson bomber, crashed on the east coast of Newfoundland. Banting was fatally injured and died the next day.

Conclusion:

Sir Frederick Banting, an outstanding Canadian citizen, with an intense sense of integrity and duty remains at the top of “most famous Canadian” polls. The Banting homestead in Alliston, Ontario, is a heritage site devoted to his work and life. Also, Banting House, in London, Ontario is a museum that preserves the home where he conceived his world-changing discovery of insulin.

Joy Dirks

October 2022

Female Canadian Citizens Are Able to Vote

Sun, 02 Oct 2022 17:18:51 GMT

Women’s eligibility to vote in Canada was obtained through a decades-long journey led by courageous women who fought to obtain equal voting rights beginning in the 1800’s. Learning about women's suffrage in Canada will help you pass the Canadian citizenship test.

All blog articles reference persons and/or historic sites and events that are cited in the Discover Canada Study Guide and include relevant information necessary for Canadian Citizenship test preparation.

The Suffrage Movement in Canada:

Women’s suffrage in Canada was a movement that included hundreds of courageous women who strategically worked toward the right of women to vote in political elections and to run for political office. Today, Canadian citizens are able to benefit from the work they did.

Women who were settling in the new country of Canada saw the importance of being represented in matters of justice, education and employment. They also desired to put an end to male violence against women.

As a result of the suffrage initiatives, women’s right to vote was granted in the three prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in 1916. By the end of 1922, all the Canadian provinces, except Quebec, had granted full suffrage rights to white and black female Canadian citizens. Asian and Indigenous women were not able to vote at this time.

Asian women (and men) were not granted suffrage until after World War II in 1948. Inuit women (and men) were granted the vote in 1950 and in 1960 the right to vote in federal elections was extended to First Nations men and women without requiring them to give up their treaty status.

The Famous Five:

Five women, known as The Famous Five, were prominent Canadian suffragists from Alberta, who advocated for women and children: Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Emily Murphy, and Irene Parlby.

On August 27, 1927, these women petitioned the federal government to refer the issue of the eligibility of women to be senators to the Supreme Court of Canada. This became the foundation for the “Persons Case.” The Supreme Court was called upon to determine if the word “Persons” in Section 24 of the British North American Act, 1867, included female persons. In 1928 the Supreme Court unanimously held that women were not “qualified persons” within the meaning of the Act.

These five women appealed that ruling to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which was at that time the highest court in the British Empire. Eventually the Judicial Committee overruled the Supreme Court and held that women were indeed “qualified persons” and eligible to be appointed to the Canadian Senate.

Canada’s First Female Physician:

Change came slowly, but in 1854, Emily Stowe became the first woman principal of a public school in Ontario. She applied to the Toronto School of Medicine in 1865 to become a doctor but was rejected because she was a woman. She left Canada to attend the New York Medical College for Women, where she received her degree in homeopathic medicine.

She returned to Canada in 1867 to practice homeopathic medicine. In 1871 Stowe was finally admitted to the Toronto School of Medicine and in 1880 became the first female physician to practice medicine in Canada.

Canada’s First Female Member of the House of Commons:

Agnes Campbell Macphail was the first woman to become a Member of the House of Commons in 1921. This was the first federal election in which a woman had the right to vote. She entered politics to represent the farmers of her region. Throughout her long political career, she also defended the rights of miners, immigrants, prisoners, women and other marginalized groups.

Conclusion:

Through the years, female Canadian citizens have contributed significantly to our Canadian society. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms grants women and men equal rights under the law.

Joy Dirks

October 2022

Volunteering Helps Immigrants Adjust To Canada

Thu, 29 Sep 2022 16:48:22 GMT

Volunteering is an integral part of our Canadian culture. Giving back to the community as a volunteer is a responsibility of Canadian citizenship.

Canada is a Volunteering Country

It has been said that community is not just where you live, it’s what you’re a part of, what you join, and what you create. Individuals can make a difference as they become involved in volunteerism.

According to Statistics Canada, 8 out of 10 Canadians volunteered their time in 2018 either as part of an organization or on their own without the involvement of a group.

Volunteering is the time you give to strengthen your community and improve others’ quality of life as well as your own, according to Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC).

Volunteering Helps Newcomers Develop Their Network

Settling into a new community as a new Canadian citizen is challenging. It is important to build a network of new friends and contacts who you spend time with on a regular basis. These new relationships can help you learn about the Canadian working world and help develop insights into Canadian culture. Studying together with other Canadians in your new network can also help you pass the Canadian citizenship test.

You may be able to identify volunteer roles that fit with your skill set and are relevant to your profession. This experience can be useful for obtaining letters of reference which will be helpful on job applications. Volunteer experience is an excellent addition to a resume and indicates that you care about your community.

Volunteering Is Good for Your Health

It’s not unusual for immigrants to feel overwhelmed, isolated, homesick and depressed. It’s good to keep yourself occupied. When you help others and make a difference in society, it can positively impact your well-being. Reaching out as a volunteer can reduce stress and anxiety. It can provide a sense of accomplishment and help you feel more confident about your abilities.

Where Are Volunteer Positions Listed?

To find current opportunities, call your local volunteer centre, or call an organization you are interested in volunteering for. The local newspaper often carries requests for volunteers. Also check out websites and databases.

There are many good places to volunteer. Some include: Local Community Centres; Food Banks or Homeless Shelters; Local Library; Faith Communities; Animal Shelters and Adoption Centres; Local Hospital; Local Schools - especially the ones your children attend; Rehabilitation Centres; Seniors Centres, local parks and environmental initiatives. Depending upon skill level and experience, volunteer firefighters, first responders and disaster relief workers are required in various communities.

Conclusion

Volunteerism benefits both our Canadian society and the individual volunteers by strengthening trust and commitment and improving the resilience of our communities.

Joy Dirks

October 2022

Free Services For Immigrants

Tue, 27 Sep 2022 02:47:23 GMT

If you are new to Canada there are a number of free services available to you. Keep reading to find out what some of those services are!

Government of Canada:

The Government of Canada provides numerous services for immigrants and supports many organizations across the country which provide important settlement assistance. Some of these services include assisting in employment searches, language classes, educational and housing options, medical services, and understanding local culture and customs. Usually these services are free to newcomers. Information on government services can be obtained through the Immigration and Citizenship Canada website.

In addition to the many government-sponsored services, other organizations offer free services to immigrants.

Faith-based Communities:

Woven throughout our Canadian history, faith-based communities have stepped in to help newcomers as they navigate the complexities of their new country.

Free immigrant services are available in many faith-based organizations. Services may include: assisting with language classes, providing furniture for homes, clothing for family members, assisting with child-care, home-cooked meals, transportation, Christmas packages of food and gifts, and various other initiatives.

Public Libraries:

Canadian Libraries have a long history in Canada. The earliest libraries date back to 1606 and were private book collections that belonged to immigrants from Europe. Canada’s first publicly funded libraries began in 1883. Today, public libraries provide free and equitable access to a variety of services to all Canadians.

For newcomers to Canada, libraries are not only a rich source of free information but also a bridge to their local community. Most public libraries have dedicated resources and staff who can help immigrants find jobs, improve their English, build new skills, access settlement advice, read books in their native language, and connect with others in their neighborhood. You can also find information that is found in the Discover Canada Guide to help you prepare for your Canadian citizenship test.

Service Clubs and Non-Profit Organizations:

Service clubs and non-profit organizations have played an important role in Canada’s long history. In communities, both urban and rural, these organizations work together to meet the needs of their local community, including the immigrant population.

On most university campuses, immigrant services are provided through student clubs. Newcomers are welcomed and programs are in place to introduce these students to our Canadian culture.

Canoo Provides Free Options:

Canoo provides many free options to help newcomers discover the many places to visit in their new country and help them feel at home here. If you are over 18 and a newcomer to Canada within your first five years as a Permanent Resident, or you have received your Canadian Citizenship less than 12 months ago, you are eligible. Canoo provides free passes to over 1,400 destinations across Canada. These include national parks, historic sites, science centres, museums, galleries, performing arts, and more. You must down-load the Canoo program for these benefits.

Other Discounts for Immigrants:

Other discounts are available to newcomers. There are a number of stores and services that provide discounts such as Adidas, H & M, Uber and Hello Fresh. Some vehicle dealerships offer a $1,000 bonus toward the purchase or lease of an eligible vehicle.

Conclusion:

Canadians want to link arms with newcomers so that they can help them succeed. Their long-term integration contributes to our economy and enriches our culture.

Joy Dirks

Sept. 2022

Canada's Amazing Northern Lights

Thu, 22 Sep 2022 22:16:15 GMT

Amazing, incredible, fantastic, out of this world - these are words used to describe Canada’s amazing natural light show known as the Northern Lights. On a very dark night, the northern sky becomes alive with bright flashing colors that roll in never-ending patterns across the horizon.

The Northern Lights are one of Canada’s Great Seven Wonders. The lights take on a variety of forms - from cascading arcs, rippling currents and flashing torrents to misty clouds. A good display may last for no longer than 15-20 minutes at a time, although it has been know to extend to a couple hours or longer and then reappear in a surprising mystical dance.

What are the Northern Lights?

According to The Northern Lights Centre, at Watson Lake, Yukon, the dancing lights of the aurora borealus are actually collisions between electrically charged particles from the sun that enter the earth’s atmosphere.

The lights of the aurora generally extend from 80 kilometres (50 miles) to as high as 640 kilometres (400 miles) above the earth’s surface.

Auroral displays appear in many colors although pale green and pink are most common. Shades of red, yellow, green, blue and violet also flash across the sky.

Where can the Northern Lights be seen?

They can be seen in many countries in the polar north: Norway, Greenland, Iceland, Swedish and Finish Lapland, Scotland, Siberia, Canada and Alaska. Generally, the higher the latitude, the better the chance of viewing the incredible light show.

Canada’s Northwest Territories are the world’s Northern Lights mecca where the lights dance an average of 240 nights per year. The Northern Lights are the strongest in the NWT, the colors are brighter, the displays last longer and the ever-changing display is more elaborate. People come from around the world to the NWT to view the incredible light dance in the sky.

It is possible, however, to see the Northern Lights from almost anywhere in Canada at certain times during all four seasons. Generally, the aurora can be seen a few hours after sunset, when the sky is clear, with the show becoming more intense around midnight.

Bright city lights cause light pollution so you must find a spot in the country that is dark. Cloud coverage, precipitation, and a full moon can also cause the aurora to be more difficult to see. To enhance your viewing, check the aurora forecast before you head out.

You don’t need any special equipment to see the Northern Lights if you are able to find the right location and the right weather conditions. However, you can also see them on the Web. The AuroraMax observatory will give you a window on the Northern Lights above Yellowknife, NWT.

Conclusion:

Canada contains a wide variety of natural wonders. The Northern Lights present a light show in the sky that will take your breath away. All Canadian citizens and newcomers to Canada should head out to the countryside on a clear night, bring along the family and lots of hot chocolate and enjoy the performance!

Joy Dirks

September 2022

Canadian Immigration & Pier 21

Thu, 22 Sep 2022 16:42:27 GMT

A Cornflakes Welcome to Canada. Pier 21 was the entrance point to Canada for over one million immigrants between the years 1928 and 1971. It was an ocean liner terminal situated in Halifax, Nova Scotia that has now been turned into a Canadian Museum of Immigration.

The lives of hundreds of men, women and children were forever changed as their ocean liners docked at Pier 21. These excited immigrants entered the facility full of dreams of a new life in Canada. Immigration officials greeted them and began the process of documentation and health checks.

Many were given small boxes of Cornflakes. The newcomers had never seen anything like this before and gingerly opened the boxes and sampled the little flakes which they were assured were nutritious. Adults eventually put the boxes down while the children would toss them to each other as a game. In no time the floor became covered with the crispy Cornflakes which provided a rather crunchy surface for the curious newcomers. Many still reference this unusual grand entrance to their new country.

The Gateway to Canada:

Pier 21 opened on March 8, 1928 and quickly became known as the finest immigration facility on the continent and gained the reputation as the “gateway to Canada.”

It also served as a passenger terminal for trans-Atlantic Ocean liners, as well as a departure point for 496,000 military troops during World War II. As the war continued, a special medical unit was established to help move wounded soldiers from hospital ships to special hospital trains. Over 90,000 aviators who came to Canada to train as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan landed at Pier 21. Over 2,000 child evacuees from the United Kingdom arrived at Pier 21 during the war. At the end of the war, Pier 21 welcomed home returning troops and war brides.

Post World War II:

The postwar years were some of the busiest for Pier 21. Immigrants came from all over Europe, the majority from the United Kingdom, Italy, West Germany, the Netherlands and Poland. 48,000 war brides, along with 22,000 of their children stepped off the ocean liners at Pier 21. They were anxious to reunite with their soldier husbands and start a new life in Canada.

One war refugee, Rosalie Abella, summarized what Pier 21 meant to her. “Opportunity, generosity, and idealism is what this Pier stands for - Canada’s best self. It is the Canada that let us in, the Canada that took one generation’s European horror story and made it into another generation’s Canadian fairytale.” Abella was born in a Displaced Persons camp in Germany in 1946 and arrived in Canada with her parents in 1950. She would go on to become the first Jewish woman appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada.

Pier 21 Closes:

During the 1960’s immigration into Halifax dropped from nearly 26,000 in 1959 to less than 1,200 in 1970. Air travel surpassed shipping as a preferred means of immigration. The Pier closed in March 1971.

On July 1, 1999, Pier 21 opened as a National Historic Site and has become one of Canada’s most popular historic museums. Many Canadians return to review their family history, recalling stories of their grandparents and great grandparents who made the long journey across the ocean to find a new home in Canada.

Pier 21 contributed to Canada’s national character that was shaped by immigration and now stands as a testament to our nation’s multicultural past, present and future.

Joy Dirks

September 2022

How Does Immigration Benefit Canada

Sun, 18 Sep 2022 22:54:45 GMT

Some medical administrators have suggested that without our immigrant medical workers, our hospitals would have to close! Employers in many industries have trouble finding enough qualified workers to fill available jobs. They rely on newcomers to work in these important positions. This is a subtitle for your new post

Immigration Strengthens Our Economy:

Thanks to immigration, Canada’s labour force continues to grow. This is critically important. Canadians are living longer and are having fewer children. In 1980, there were roughly 6 workers for every retiree. In 2015, there were 4 workers for every retiree. By 2030, when 5 million Canadians are set to retire, the ratio will be down to only 3 workers for every retiree. Many newcomers are younger and this helps offset losses from an aging Canadian-born population.

In addition, when newcomers come to Canada, they stimulate the economy by spending money on goods, housing and transportation. In this way, they contribute billions of dollars to the gross domestic profit (GDP).

Immigration Brings In Skilled Workers:

Immigration Canada prioritizes highly skilled workers and university educated newcomers focusing on professional, scientific and technical services.

Our medical profession depends on newcomers to Canada. One in four health care workers have made Canada their new home. Many newcomers to Canada are working in the important areas of nursing and residential care facilities, as well as home health-care services.

The top 5 occupations of people invited to immigrate under Canada’s Express Entry program include: software engineers and designers; information systems analysts; computer programmers; financial auditors and accountants, and advertising, marketing and public relations professionals.

In every area of our economy, newcomers are filling positions across the country. Many work as construction workers, in restaurant and food service and production positions, retail sales and agriculture.

How are Immigrants Selected?

Immigration Canada selects immigrants for their economic contribution, for their humanitarian needs and to reunite families.

Targets are set each year by Immigration Canada that determines the number of immigrants allowed into the country for each immigration category. In 2022, 431,645 immigrants are anticipated to ensure that Canada has the workers it needs to fill critical labour market positions and support a strong economy. By 2024, 451,000 immigrants are expected. This works out to be about 1% of Canada’s population.

All potential immigrants are carefully screened before coming to Canada. They must provide a police certificate or criminal record check and must provide their photo and fingerprints. Screening ensures that potential immigrants have not committed a serious crime; do not pose a risk to Canada’s security; have not violated human or international rights; are in good health, and have a valid passport or travel document from country of origin.

Canada is a desirable country for many seeking to settle in a peaceful land with numerous opportunities for career and family advancement.

Joy Dirks, Sept. 2022

Reasons Immigrants Want To Come To Canada

Sat, 17 Sep 2022 15:55:40 GMT

Reasons Immigrants Want To Come To Canada

Reasons Immigrants Want to Come to Canada

Did you know that with the exception of Indigenous people, all Canadians come from somewhere else?

Canada has welcomed immigration for generations. Immigration forms an integral component of our great nation. Canada has the second largest land mass in the world, and has a population recorded in 2022 to be estimated at 36,654,738.

Canada welcomed more than 401,000 new permanent residents in 2021, which is the most newcomers in any year in Canadian history, surpassing the previous record from 1913.

Why do people want to immigrate to Canada? The top reasons given follow:

Canada is known around the world as welcoming a multi-cultural population. Newcomers represent an amalgam of global cultures that form the cornerstone of the Canadian way of life.
All children in Canada have access to free high-quality education at public schools. Post-graduate education is among the most affordable in the world and is ranked among the world’s best.
Health care is available to all Canadians, whether in a hospital, doctor’s office or Emergency Department.
Canada’s weather has four distinct seasons, including hot summers and mild winters. There are many summer and winter activities to enjoy in the various regions.
Canada has a stable economy with a world-class banking system and stable currency. Canada offers easy access to banking, loans and government assistance for business and purchase of property or land.
Canada rates among the safest places in the world and has a low crime rate.
Canada is a democratic country. All Canadian citizens 18 years of age and beyond are given the opportunity to vote for their elected representatives at all levels of government.
The pristine beauty of Canada’s natural landscapes attracts newcomers. From sea to sea to sea, Canada’s expansive and untouched forests, mountain ranges, prairies, lakes and rivers provide endless natural resources to enjoy.

Immigration contributes in many ways to our Canadian culture and we welcome newcomers to Canada and look forward to working together as fellow citizens.

Joy Dirks, Sept. 2022

When Did Canadian Citizenship Commence

Fri, 16 Sep 2022 03:47:00 GMT

When Did Canadian Citizenship Commence

Did you know that prior to 1947, both people born in Canada and naturalized

immigrants were considered British subjects? The implementation of Canadian

citizenship was an important expression of the country’s growing sense of national

identity and pride following the second world war.

Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King became the first Canadian citizen, along

with 25 other new Canadians three days after the Canadian Citizenship Act came into

force, January 1, 1947. He began our country’s first-ever citizenship ceremony with the

words, “I speak to you as a citizen of Canada.” Since that moment, millions of new

Canadians have become citizens at ceremonies held in all of our provinces and

territories.

The 1947 Act outlined the process and requirements for obtaining Canadian citizenship,

as well as the reasons it could be revoked. Among other things, it gave married women

full control over their nationality status. Prior to this Act, a woman’s nationality status

was generally defined by that of her husband, and could be lost through marriage.

The importance of Canadian citizenship has continued and has flourished through the

years. Citizenship remains a personal commitment to Canada, and to our fellow

Canadians. We honor the ideals of our common citizenship by promoting democracy,

diversity and community. Citizenship confers rights and responsibilities and an

obligation to uphold and enrich our vast country and its peoples.

In 1977 the Canadian Citizenship Act was replaced with the Citizenship Act, which has

been amended several times. Recently, changes include broadening the interpretation

of “citizenship by descent” and establishing a new Oath of Citizenship that recognizes

inherent and treaty rights of First Nations, Inuit and Metis peoples.

In addition, the Canadian Oath of Allegiance, is a promise or declaration of fealty to the

Canadian monarch. For seventy years, oaths have been sworn to Her Majesty, Queen

Elizabeth II. This has been amended following the passing of Queen Elizabeth II,

September 8, 2022, and Canadians will now swear their allegiance to our reigning

monarch, King Charles III.

The 1977 Act allows adults who have immigrated to Canada to be eligible for citizenship

if are not prohibited from applying, if they have their permanent resident status; have

lived in Canada for three out of five last years; have filed their taxes, if required; have

adequate knowledge of French or English; and are able to pass the citizenship

A Guide To Discovering Canada

Tue, 06 Sep 2022 18:07:36 GMT

A Guide To Discovering Canada

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Popular Canadian Destinations

ik@ippei.com (Tori Klein) — Tue, 02 Aug 2022 15:02:07 GMT

When it comes to the best places to visit in Canada, you’re going to want to start your research now. The country is filled with breathtaking natural beauty that you won’t want to miss. But which region of the country is perfect for you? That depends on your interests and the kind of experience you're looking for. But no matter where your travels take you, there are several destinations across the country that will make your time there unforgettable. Here are some popular Canadian destinations that everyone should plan a visit to.

Quebec City

Quebec City is a gorgeous French-speaking city in the heart of the province of Quebec. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a vitally important part of Canada’s cultural heritage. The city is compact and walkable, with countless cafés and restaurants to explore. It’s also known as one of the most bilingual cities in the world, as nearly one-third of the population speaks both French and English. If you want to experience true Canadian culture, you can’t do better than this beautiful city. If you want to learn more about Quebec’s culture, you can’t do better than this beautiful city. If you want to experience true Canadian culture, you can’t do better than this beautiful city. If you want to see some of the most amazing natural beauty in the world, you can’t do better than this beautiful city. And if you want to spend some time in a place that’s truly unique, you can’t do better than this beautiful city.

Niagara Falls

There are few sights that rank as high among travelers as the Great Wall of China and the Grand Canyon. In fact, many people name these two attractions as their No. 1 and No. 2 favorite places in the world. The next most popular destinations vary from person to person, but one place is likely to make most people’s list: a trip to the United States to visit Niagara Falls. Why visit this famous waterfall? For one thing, it’s one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, making it an incredible place to visit. You’ll also be able to explore some of the world’s most famous attractions, and experience iconic American culture. And when it’s time to leave, you can make a stop in Toronto for a bite and a drink.

Toronto

Toronto is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world, as well as one of the most multicultural cities in North America. This multicultural mix is reflected in the countless restaurants, shops, music venues, and cultural events that draw people from around the globe. You’ll also find some of the world’s best museums, including the famous Museum of Modern Art. You’ll also find several top universities. Taking a trip to Toronto will also let you experience some of the best Canadian culture. Visitors can see some of the most popular Canadian landmarks, including the CN Tower and Parliament Hill. And you’ll also be able to experience some of the country’s most popular tourist attractions, such as the Toronto Islands, the Toronto Zoo, or the Ripley’s Aquarium.

Ottawa

Ottawa is a relatively small city that’s packed with history. The city is home to the Canadian Museum of History and the National Gallery of Art. Visitors can also explore the fascinating Rideau Canal, the longest continuously navigable waterway in the world, or the Supreme Court of Canada. Ottawa is also one of the most culturally diverse cities in Canada, with a quarter of the population claiming at least one immigrant background. There are also some of the most beautiful natural attractions in the country, like the Giant Waterfalls of the Ottawa Valley, the St. Lawrence Islands, or the Thousand Islands. Ottawa is also the perfect place to experience Canadian culture. You can see the city’s most famous landmarks, like the Parliament Buildings or the National Gallery. You can also explore some of the most popular tourist attractions in the country, like the Ottawa Valley or the Giant Waterfalls.

Vancouver

Vancouver is one of the most popular Canadian cities, with many visitors choosing to visit this beautiful city as part of a longer trip. Whether you’re traveling through Canada or visiting Canada as part of a longer trip, it would be a shame to miss out on this gorgeous city. Visitors can explore the impressive natural beauty of the region during a trip to the coast. Along the way, you can explore the top attractions, from art museums to outdoor gardens. You can also explore the city’s most popular attractions, including the Stanley Park or the Vancouver Aquarium. While you’re in the area, you can also explore the diverse culture of the region, from the Aboriginal peoples to the food and wine. While you’re in the area, you can also explore the diverse culture of the region, from the Aboriginal peoples to the food and wine. With such a diverse and beautiful place to visit, you’re sure to come back with amazing memories.

When you think of the best places to visit in Canada, you might think of Niagara Falls or the Great Wall of China. Those are certainly two incredible sites, and they’re certainly among the most popular destinations in the country. But there are many, many more places that are equally worth visiting. These are just a few of the Canadian destinations that everyone should put on their bucket lists.

Canadian Traditions

Sun, 31 Jul 2022 14:54:56 GMT

Canada is a melting pot of cultures, traditions and values. But what are the most common Canadian traditions? You may be surprised to learn that there are many similarities among all Canadians, no matter what province you’re from. From coast to coast, we all share certain traditions. And while each region has its own take on the same tradition, there’s an underlying commonality because these rituals and celebrations speak to something fundamental about being human and being Canadian. In this blog post, we’ll cover everything from regional food festivals to New Year’s resolutions across Canada. So read on to discover more about our shared national and provincial traditions as well as some lesser-known ones.

New Year’s Traditions

First, let’s start with New Year’s traditions. New Year’s celebrations are a great example of how the same tradition can be interpreted and celebrated differently in various parts of the country. While the rest of the world is looking forward to 2020, in Canada we celebrate the New Year on December 31, 2019. Why? Because way back when when Canada was first settled, people used the solar calendar (with the seasons changing at the equinox) rather than the modern calendar based on the cycles of the moon. New Year’s is one of the most important celebrations of the year, so let’s take a quick look at some of the traditions that make up our New Year’s celebrations. New Year’s Eve - On the last day of the year, people will often host parties (often called New Year’s Eve parties). Friends, family and neighbours celebrate the transition into a new year with food, drinks and music. New Year’s Day - New Year’s Day is celebrated in many different ways. New Year’s Day is a statutory holiday in every province in Canada. In Quebec, New Year’s Day is a public holiday that is sometimes called “jour de l’an”. In some parts of the country, New Year’s Day is marked by eating black-eyed peas and collard greens (or cabbage) for good luck. This tradition comes from the Southern U.S., and has since spread to other parts of Canada. Other New Year’s Day celebrations include watching fireworks and making New Year’s resolutions.

Eating Traditions

If you ask any Canadian what food is most closely associated with their home province, they’ll probably tell you “poutine,” “bannock,” or “maple syrup.” These are all foods that are strongly associated with Canadian culture. Across the country, there are many eating traditions that mark special occasions or are tied to important dates on the calendar. Some of these food traditions are regional and others are more national in scope. Special Dietary Needs - All Canadians, as well as visitors to Canada, who have special dietary needs can expect a warm welcome when visiting a restaurant. Canada has a growing culture of veganism, vegetarianism and other food sensitivities. Many restaurants have menus that cater to these dietary needs.

Sports Traditions

One of the things Canadians are most passionate about is sports. Hockey, especially, is an important part of Canadian tradition. Hockey is played all over the country, with local leagues and on a professional level. Hockey and other sports are tied to Canadian holidays, important dates and cultural celebrations. In some parts of the country, people play outdoor hockey with their friends and neighbours on the frozen ponds and lakes every winter during a special season called “winter.” Winter Sports - Across the country, people play outdoor sports such as hockey and curling. They ski and snowboard, and they ice skate on frozen lakes. Summer Sports - In the summer, Canadians play sports like tennis, golf and soccer. They also swim in lakes, rivers and oceans.

Spring and Summer Celebrations

Spring and summer are times for celebration, when people get together to mark special occasions and remember important events in Canadian history. In many parts of the country, the end of winter is celebrated with the coming of spring. Summer is often marked by celebrations that honour Canada’s past and its original peoples. Spring Festivals - In many parts of the country, spring is celebrated with festivals and fairs. These special events often mark the change of seasons. Summer Festivals - In the summer, many regions have their own celebrations that celebrate history and culture. Many summer festivals honour the original peoples of Canada.

Fall Traditions

In the fall, Canadians celebrate harvest time and the start of another new year. In many regions, the harvest festival is an important celebration that marks the end of the growing season. It’s a time to celebrate the end of another growing season with family and friends. Many of Canada’s fall celebrations are based on harvesting and reaping the harvest. In some parts of the country, the fall harvest festival is called “fall.” Other regions have celebrations that honour a special date in history. Harvest and Fall Festivals - In many parts of the country, the fall harvest festival is an important celebration that marks the end of the growing season. It’s a time to celebrate with family and friends and share the harvest.

Culture and Art Celebrations

Each year, there are a number of celebrations that honour Canadian culture and art. These celebrations include events that showcase everything from new Canadian musical talent (such as Canadian Music Week) to arts and literature (such as the Man Booker Prize for Fiction). Some celebrations are annual events that are held each year, while others are long-running festivals or events. These celebrations help promote Canadian culture and art and help promote Canadian artists and performers. In addition to these celebrations, many Canadian cities have festivals that celebrate the culture of the region. These multi-day celebrations often include art exhibits, live music, food, fireworks and more.

Conclusion

As you can see, Canada is a country that celebrates many different traditions. From food to sports, you can expect to find something to celebrate just about any time of the year. What are some of your favourite Canadian traditions? Remember, these traditions are what make us Canadian. They are what binds us as a nation and allows us to share our culture with the world. These celebrations also remind us of where we come from and the values and beliefs we share.

Life In Canada

ik@ippei.com (Tori Klein) — Thu, 12 Aug 2021 14:56:57 GMT

Settling down and starting a family isn’t just a pipe dream for young adults – it’s an achievable reality. In fact, choosing to raise your kids in Canada is one of the best decisions you can make. From affordable housing to excellent schools to low crime rates, life in Canada is ideal for raising kids. If you’re thinking about bringing your family north of the border, here are some pros and cons of living in Canada as a parent.

Safer Streets for Walking and Playing

One of the best things about raising kids in Canada is the reduced risk of child abduction. Due to lower population densities and smaller kidnapping rates, children in Canada have a lower risk of being abducted by a stranger. Between 1988 and 2002, there were only 17 cases of child abduction in Canada. That’s fewer than in any other country in the world. You may also be pleased to know that there is less risk of your children being injured while playing outside in Canada. Whether your kids are skateboarding, biking, or playing in the park, there is less chance they will be hurt while in the Great White North than they would be in the U.S. In the U.S., more than 18,000 children under the age of 15 are injured while playing outside every day. That number is considerably lower in Canada at about 12,000.

Excellent Educational Options

When it comes to raising kids, education is key. Luckily, Canada has some of the best educational options in the world. You’ll have a variety of different school choices for your kids, from religious to secular and French immersion. Canada’s renowned public school system is available to everyone, and it’s completely free. Apart from the public system, Canada has a wide range of private educational options, including religious and Montessori schools. If you live in a major Canadian city, there are also many excellent online educational programs available. You can also look into short-term study abroad programs, which might allow your kids to earn high school credits.

Affordable Housing

Housing is a major cost of living in every country. But in Canada, it is much more affordable. You can expect to pay between $500 and $1,500 per month for a two-bedroom apartment in a major city, and $600 to $1,500 for a three-bedroom house. One of the reasons for this is because Canadian real estate is taxed less. You may be pleasantly surprised to learn that the average house price in Canada is actually lower than in the U.S. If you’re planning to buy a home, you can expect to pay around $300,000 on average for a house in Canada. This is much cheaper than the average price of a house in the U.S., which is $388,000. So housing costs are less of a burden in Canada, and it’s easier to save for other things like education and retirement.

Good Jobs with Great Benefits

Raising children in Canada will make it easier to provide for your family. The cost of living may be lower, but the average salary for Canadian workers is much higher than for their American counterparts. You can expect to earn the equivalent of about $60,000 annually if you work full-time in Canada. That’s $17,500 more than the average American salary. Employment in Canada is also more secure than in the U.S. Unemployment rates are much lower in Canada, and you’re more likely to receive employer-sponsored benefits. Health insurance is more widely available in Canada, and most employers offer extended medical coverage. You might also be able to claim government benefits, such as paid maternity leave and child care subsidies.

Canada is a great place to bring up a family. It has lower crime rates and safer streets, excellent educational options, affordable housing, and good jobs with great benefits. These are all reasons why choosing to raise your family in Canada is a great decision.